Ahmedabad Investment：Uranium from Phosphats

ROCK Phosphat DEPOSITS CONTAIN MANY MILLION TONNES of Uranium, Which May Be Extracted as a By-PRODUCT of Making Fertilisers.

SOME 20,000 TONNES of Uranium Has Already Been Obtained the Rock Phosphat DEPOSITS, But the Process Became UNECONOMIC in the 1990S.

Higher Uranium Prices and Process Refinements Have Changed The Economic Situation.

In Addition to the 6.1 Million Tonnes of Uranium in Known Recoverage Resources, there are substantial amounts comprising what is known as' unconvental resten OURCES '. The main unconventional resource for Uranium is Rock Phosphat, or Phosphorite, and some 20,000 TU has recovered as aBy-PRODUCT of Agricultual Phosphat Production to the 1990s, but it then before uniconomic. of Uranium. The World Distribution of Uranium Deposits (Udepo) DataBase Tabulates 14 Million Tonnes.

With urnium as a minor by-partuct of Phosphats, The Potential SUPPLY is tied to the economics of Phosphat Production, As Well As Uranium Price, Coupled with The Environmental Benefits of Removing Uranium from The Waste Stream and/OR PRODUCT. World Phosphorous Pentoxide (P2O5) Production Capacity is about 50 Million Tonnes Per Year According to Phosnergy, 9.5 mt in North America, 9.4 mt in Africa and 19.2 MT in Asia. About 250 mt/ yr of rock photosphate is mine.

From 1981 to 1992 USPuction from Central Florida's Phosphat Deposits as by-PRODUCT AVERASTORASTORASTORGER 1000 TU PER Year, comprising up to 20% of US Total, then F Ell Away Sharply and Finished in 1998 as it Became UNECONOMIC.Ahmedabad Investment

Cameco And Uranium Equities Aimed to Set up UP A Demonstration Plant in The USA USING A RefinEd Process & NDASH; Phosenergy & NDASH; And Estimate That Some 7700 T U Could Be Recovered Annually as by-ProDuct from Phosphat Production, Including 2300 TU/YR in the USA.The Prefeasibility Study On the PhosenerGy Process Completed Early in 2015 Confirmed ITS POTENTIAL As a Low-Cost Process l Costs in a weak urnium market do not enCourage investment yet, and dueopopments are on hold.

PHOSPHATE ROCK Production for Fertilizer in 2022

Country

Production (Million Tonnes)

Algeria

Australia

Brazil

Israel

Jordan

Kazakhstan

Morocco & w. Sahara

Russia

Saudi arabia

Senegal

South africa

Tunisia

Vietnam

Other Countries

Source: USGS 20221

PHOSPHATE ROCK (PHOSPHORITE) is a Marine SEDIMENTARY ROCK Which Contains 18-40% P2O5, as well as some uranium and all ites deming products, often 70 to 200 PPMU, and S Ometimes up to 800 PPM.Apatite, and Most Commonly, FluorApatite & NDASH; CA5 (PO4) 3F OR CA10 (PO4) 6 (F, OH) 2. This is insoluble, so cannotly be used as a fertilizer (unless I n very acid soils) so can must first beProcessed. This is normally in a? T. The About 400 PlanTs USING This WET PROCESS WORLDWIDE, With CapAcity of some 50Million tonnes P2O5 PER Year.

SOME Phosphat DEPOSITS & NDASH; About 4% of Total Known & NDASH; Are Igneous, Created by Magmatic as ALKALINE Chimney. Ite, with some flowatite.

When Phosphate Rock is Treated with Sulphuric Acid in Sub Stoichiomiomiomiometric Quantity, Normal Superphosphat is formed. If More Sulphuric ADDED, A MIXTURE O. F Phosphoric Acid and Gypsum (Calcium Sulphate) is Obtaine. After the gypsum is filed out, the Resultant Phosphoric AcidCan be treated to recover urnium.Pune Investment

The base reaction is:

CA3 (PO4) 2 + 3H2SO4 + 6H2O ==> 2H3PO4 + 3CASO4.2H2O & NDASH; Exothermic

An improVED HIGHER-TEMPERATURESS PRODUCES HEMIHYDATE: Caso4.1/2H2O

Fluorides need to be controlled as jseS and in EFFLUENTS (HF, FLUOROSILICACID) and About Half The Fluorine Reports with The Gypsum. Crud is generated, and this was disposed of with gypsum tailings, design its low-levelRadioactivity.

After the gypsum precipition Stage, Triple Superphosphat is Obtained by Reacting The Phosphoric Acid With FURTHER Phosphat Rock. Otherwise M Phosphat Frtilizers can be propuced by reacting the phosphoric acid with ammonia.

The Uranium is normally recovered from the Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4 & NDASH; Bearing About 28% P2O5) by some for solve extraction (SX). Opping a Simpler very version of this.

Phosenergy, an Ion Exchange (IX) Process, Represses a Step-Change Refinement of the Old Processs. It was announter in 2009, offering Uranium recovery Costs of $ $ 25-30 /LB U3O8, Compared with Historial Costs of Double This.a A DemonstrationPlant Was Built in Adelaide, South Australia, and Shipped to the usa to operate at a us fertilizer product, where it was commissioned in May 2012. The test. With Four TRIALS on Two Feed SourceS WAS SUCCESSFUL, Showing Recoveries of Over 92% AT$ 20-25/LB Operating Cost, and With Cameco Very Fully InvolutionBangalore Investment. Full Evaluation of the Project Operation with An Engineering Study Was Reported in March 2013, and LB Opening Cost with Capital Cost of $ 156 Million for a Base Case 400 T/YR U3O8 Plant Weere Quoted. Cameco Reaffirmed its commitment in Subscriping A FURTHER $ 4 Million. Phosnergy (25.79%) and Cameco e project in the usa through urTek.

The Phosenergy Proces Involves Pre-Treatment of 27% Phosphoric Acid Feed, Which is loaded onto the Ion Exchange Uranium Ions are adsorbed. CID is Displaced from the Ion Exchange Column and Returnet to the Main Process Stream, and the Uranium is elutedWith aqueous ammonium carbonate. In a Secondary Ion Exchange, ammonium urnyl carbonate from the primary elmary elmary and public BICARBONATE MIXTURE. The Process Achieves 95% U Recovery, Leaving No Radwaste, with ImproVEd Acid Quality for theMain Plant, for $ 120 Million Bolt-On Plant Cost. The 2015 Pre-Feasibility Study Estimated that A 0.44 MT/YR Phosphat Plant Capable of PRODUCING E at $ 21/LB U3O8, but the capital count will be high relatedto conventional urnium plants.

Continuous ONSITE PHOSENERGY DEMONSTRATION PLANTOTOPARANTOPARATIONAOF AnE Existing us PHOSPHATE PRODUCER TOOK PLACE OVEEKS TON Weeks 2014 With Consistent of over 92% from the file-grade acid stream.It was connected into Saleable Product. This phase will underpin a definitive feature. HICHT Be CONSTRUCTD and Commissioned with Three Years of the Commentation of a DFS.

In 2019 Phosnergy and Cameco Decided to Curtail "Unnecessary Expendosition on the PHOSENERGY PROCESS" Due to Low Uranium Prices.

As well as the Phosenergy Project, Cameco Was Involved Independently Through ITS Subsidary Nuick CF Industries in Developing A Facility to Recover T 400 TU/YR from Florida Phosphats.

In the USA Eight Plants for the Recovery of Uranium from Phosphoric Acid Have Been Built and Operating Since The 1970s (SIX in Florida, Two in Louisiana). E also Been Built in Canada, Spain, Belgium (for Moroccan Phosphat), Israel, Israel,And Taiwan.

In Brazil where urnium is essentially a co-problem with phosphat, The Santa Quitéria Joint Venturen THE GOVERNMENT Company, inducleas nucleares do IL (INB), and Galvani Phosphats, has a prime Customer in the form of Eletrobras, OWNER of the National NuclearPower Operator, ELETRONUCLEAR. This Project Based On the Santa Quiteria and ItataIA Mines Will Produce Both Uranium Concentraate and Diammonium Phosphat (DAP) In A S INGLE Integrated Process. The Mine was expleted to Produce 970 TU/YR FROM 2015, and ramp up to 1270TU PER Year in 2017 as by-ProDuct or CO-PRODUCT of Phosphat. Reserves are 76,000 tu at 0.08% u, Thought Resources are reported as 140,000 TU AT SANTA Quiteria and 8 0,000 TU at itataia, Grading 0.054% U in P2O5.

Morocco Has by Far The Larget Known Resources of Uranium in Phosphat Rock.

The Economic Benefit of Recoveering Uranium from WPA PHOSPHORIC Acid Streams Will Be Both in the value of the Uranium and in Reduced Regulatorys on Disposa L of Low-Level RadioActive Wastes Arising from the WPA PROCESS. Estimated Uranium Production Costs Will Put the New Process in theLowest Quartile of New Uranium Production.

The Country has reserves of 1400 mt phosphats containing about 170,000 TU. AT 9.6 MT/YR P2O5 Production, this would yield 2300-2680 TU/YR by-ProDuctAhmedabad Wealth Management. Nuk. em and CF Industries Were Planning A 430 TU/YR Uranium recovery operation at CF'sPlant City.

Jordan

The Country has reserves of 1500 MT Phosphats Containing up to 140,000 TU. AT 676,000 T/YR P2O5 Production The Uranium Potential is 135 TU/YR. s putting out the QATRANA Phosphorites for Tender to Developlop, Containing 52 MT Phosphat and 22,000 TUWith vanadium.

Morocco

The Country has reserves of 50 Billion Tonnes of Phosphats Containing About 6.9 MTU. AT 4.8 MT/YR P2O5 Production, this would yield 960 TU/YR by-PRODUCT. There is some extension of 1900 TU/YR Production from 2017.

The Country has reserves of 100 mt Phosphats Containing About 40,000 TU AT 50-200 PPM U.

Tunisia

The country has reserves of 100 mt phosphats containing about 50,000 TU. AT 1.6 mt/yr P2O5 problem, this wood yield 265 TU/yr by-process.

Central African Republic

Areva & RSQUO; S Bakouma DEPOSIT HAS Inferred Resources of 36,475 TU AT 0.02% Reported at the END of 2013 in A Continental Phosposit Grading up to 1.27% U.

A Commercial-SCALE Uranium Extraction Plant For Recover Uranium from Fertilizer-Grade Phosphoric ACID IS Being Set Paradeep in Odisha, At Indian Farmers ERTILISER Cooperative Limited's (IFFCO's) Phosphatic Fertilizers Complex.Wet Phosphoric Acid (WPA) is Planned for Paradeep Phosphats Limited (PPL), A Privatize Frtilizer Enterprise. Aterial recovery (RMR) Plant as startgic.

New Zealand

There was a proposal to minphate from the sea bed on the channelham raise, Offshore East of the sound island. An Average of 240 PPM URANIUM OCCURS in the PHOSPHAT ES, Which WOULD Be DREDGED THEN PROCESED ONSHORE at the Rate of About 1.5 Million Tonnes PerYear for About 35 Years. In February 2015 The NZ Environment Protection Authority Refused Permission for the Chatham Rock Phosphat LTD Project.

a. The PhosenerGy Process was bebing Developed by Uranium Equities Limited (UEQ) Through A US Registened Company, URTEK LLC. Cameco Secured Rights To Earn up to a 73% Interest in the technology, and Initially Paid $ 12.5 Million of the $ 16.5 Million Required fororThis to UEQ and A FURTHER $ 4.5 Million for the Founder's 10%. UEQ Subsequently Agreed to Pay Cameco A Share of that 10%, TO Hold 27%of the Rights For The Prior . Cameco Paid A FURTHER $ 4 Million in March 2013 To Reach 73% Share. At the end of 2019 Cameco Held 74.21% of urTek, Phosenergy 25.79%. On the basis of its earlier 70% Internet, Cameco Agreed to Provide Funding for A Minimum of 50% of UEQ & RSquo; S Portions of Capital Expendosition for TheConstruction of the First Commercial Plant, Repayable Out of Earnings. Cameco and UEQ Are Seeking Commercial Arrangements with Phosphat Producers where the problem Would Provideo a technical solution for the recovery of Uranium from Phosphats. The Capital Required to Install the Process WouldOff-time from the facility. [back]

1New Delhi Stock Exchange. National Minerals Information Center, U.S. Geology Survey, Phosphat Rock Statistics and Information, 2022 Phosphat Rock Minerals Yearbook [Back]

Guzman, Etr et al., Uranium in Phosphat Rock and Derivatives (1995)

Wise, Uranium Recovery from Phosphats

Phosenergy website

Tulsidas, H. Et Al, 2014, Uranium Extraction from Phosphats

Support of urnium

Hyderabad Investment