Pune Investment：[Top issue Abstract] Area 2024 issue

American Economic Review 2024 (Aerican Economic Review) 01The Social Costs of Keystone Species Collapse: Evidence from the DeCline of Vultures in India Authors: Eyal Frank AnantSudarshanAbstract:Scientific evidence has documented we are undergoing a mass extinction of species, caused by human activity. However, allocating conservation resources is difficult due to scarce evidence on damages from losing individual species. This paper studies the collapse of vultures in India, triggered byThe Expiry of a Patent On A PainKiller. Our Results Suggest The Functional Extinction of Vultures — Efficient Scavenger that Removed CarcasSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSISISIOREREEREEREationationOEEEEEEEEEROAOAEAEAAAOAOAAAOAOAAAAOAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAEAEAEAEAEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE Increased Human Mortality by Over 4 Percent Because of a Large Negative Shock to Sanitation.Year. The These Results Suggest High Returns to Conserving Keystone Species Such as Vultures.However, due to the lack of evidence about the loss of a single species, it is difficult to allocate protection resources.This paper studies the extinction of Indian vultures, which is triggered by an analgesic patent.The results of our research show that the function of the vulture (the high -efficiency eclipse eclipse -eclipse of the corpse from the environment) has increased human mortality by more than 4%because sanitary facilities have been huge negative impact.The amount of losses was quantitative to $ 69.4 billion per year.These results show that the protection of key species such as bald eagles is high.02PUBLIC DISCORSE and Socially Responsible Market Behavior Public discourse and social responsibility Market behavior: BJörn Bartling, Vanessa Valero Investigate the Causal Impact of Public Discourse on Socially Responsible Market Behavior. Across Three Laboratory Experiments,Having Market PARTIPIPANTS Engage in Public Discourse General Increases Market Social Responsibility. Alchacteristics of the discourse. We provide the discourse streams beliefs that other support socially reside exchaange. Relaxing Requirements to Engage in Discourse Sharply Reduces Its Effectiveness. Our Findings Suggest That Campaigns Encouragging Arket Behavior Can Have Sizable Impacts on Addressing Inefficiencies Due to Market Failures But that Policies Encourage Engagement May Be Ant. Summary: We have studied the publicThe impact of discourse on the cause and effect of social responsibility market behavior.Through three laboratory experiments, letting market participants participate in public discourse usually increase the social responsibility of the market.The changes in several characteristics of these positive influence of the dialogue are stable.The evidence we provide shows that the words have strengthened the belief of others' support for social responsibility exchange.However, the requirements for relaxation of the discourse have greatly reduced their effectiveness.Our research results show that encouraging and discussing the movement of appropriate market behaviors can have a considerable impact on solving the inefficiency caused by market failure, but policies that encourage widespread public participation may be more important.03Optimally IMPRECISE MEMORY and BIASED FORECASTS Best Incant Memory and Different Prediction Authors: Rava Azeredo Da Silveira, Yeji SUNG, and Michael WoodFordabstract: We PROP. OSE A Model of Optimal Decision-Making Subject to A Memory Constraint in The Spirit of Models ofRational Inatten. Our theory Differs from that of Sims (2003) in NOT Assump Costless Memory of Past Cognitive States. s Will Exhibit Idiosyncratic Random Variation; that Average Beliefs Will Exhibit A Bias That Fluctuates Forever; And thatMore Recent news will be given disproportionate weight in Forecasts. The Model Provides a Simple Explanation for the OverReaction to News Observed uzi et al. (2023)Pune Investment. Abstract: Under the spirit of rational not paying attention to the model, we proposed aThe best decision model is constrained by memory.The difference between our theory and SIMS (2003) is that there is no costless memory of the past cognitive state.This model shows that predicts and actions will show special random changes; the average beliefs will show the prejudice of eternal fluctuations; in the prediction, the recent news will be given a proportion of weight.This model provides a simple explanation of the excessive response to the news observed by Afrouzi et al. (2023) in the laboratory.04Monitoring in Small Firms: Experimental Evidence from Kenyan Public Transit Surveillance: Experimental evidence of public transportation of Kenya: Eric M. Kelley, Gregory Lane, And David SCHönholzrasERABSTRACT: Small Firms Struggle to Grow Beyond A Few Employees. Omize Which MINIBUS OWNERS HAVE Access to the Data USING A Nivel Mobile App. We find that time all model the terms of the.Contract to induce Higher Effort and LOWER RISK TAKING from their Drivers. CE THAT FIRMS Expand. THESE Results Suggest that Small Firms May Beu Utilize Monitoring TechnologyAnd enhance their propitability. Abstract: It is difficult for small companies to develop to only a few employees.We introduced monitoring devices on Kenya's commute chips, and use a novel mobile application which miniburist owners can access these data.We found that the processed car owner amended the contract terms to promote the driver's efforts to make greater efforts and reduce risks.This reduces corporate costs and improve corporate profitability.There are signs that some companies are expanding.These results show that small enterprises can use monitoring technology to overcome moral risk issues and improve profitability.05Efficience and Equity Impacts of Urban Transport Policies with Equilibrium Sorting The efficiency and fairness of urban traffic policy based on balanced sorting AUTHORS: Panle Jia Barwick, Shanjun Li, andRE Waxman, Jing Wu, and Tianli xiaabstract: We Estimate An Equilibrium Sorting Model of Housing LocationAnd Commuting Mode Choice with Endogenous Traffic Contenestion to Evaluate Urban Transport PoliciesSurat Investment. AnsactionS Identifying Residents' Home and Work Locations, We Recover Rich Preference Heterogeneity Over Both Travel Mode and Residential Location DECISIONS. WHILE Fferent PoliciesProduce the saying reduction, their impacts on social welfare diffeter drastility. In Addition, Sorting Undermines the Congestion Under Drive RESTRICTIONS and SUBWAY Expansion But Streangthens It Under Contenestion Pricing. The Combination of Contenestion and Subway Expayers they IEF and EFFICIENCYGains. Abstract: We estimate a balanced sorting model that considers housing location and commuting methods that consider endogenous traffic congestion to evaluate urban transportation policies.Using fine data from travel diaries and housing transactions to determine the households and work locations of residents, we restore the rich preferences of travel models and residence decisions.Although the effects of congestion generated by different policies have the same effect, their impact on social welfare is very different.In addition, in the case of restricting driving and subway expansion, sorting is not conducive to reducing congestion, but in the case of congestion charges, sorting will strengthen congestion.The combination of congestion charges and subway expansion can relieve congestion to the greatest extent and improve efficiency.06SUFFICient Statistics for Nonlinear Tax Systems with General Across-Income Heterogeneity AUTHORS: Antoine Ferey, Benjamin B. LOCKWOOD , And Dmitry TAUBINSKYABSTRACT: We Investigate The Susceptibility of Democracies to Demagogues,Studying Tensions Between RepreSntatives Who Guard Voters 'Long-Run Interests and Demagogues Who Cater to Voters' Short-Run Desires. PARTIES PROPOSE And infestment. Voters Base Choices on Current-Period Consumption and Valence Shocks. Younger/Poorer Economies and Economically DisadaDADAGED VotersAre AttraCted to the Demagogue's DisinVestment Policies, Forcing Farsight Repreresntatives to MIMIC TheM. F CAPITAL FALLS, A Death Spiral Ensues with Capital Stocks Falling TheReaFTER. ND CharacterizeHow the deth-point risk declines as capital group.All parties propose consumption and investment.The choice of voters is based on the current consumption and price shock.Young/poor economies and economically unfavorable voters are attracted by the withdrawal policies of the instigatal withdrawal, forcing representatives to imitate these policies.This election competition can destroy democracy: if the capital is lower than the critical level, the death spiral is followed, and the capital stock will then decline.We have determined when the economic development will reduce this risk and describe how the risk of death spiral declines with the growth of capital.07rising Top, Falling Bottom: Industries and Rising Wage inquality, the bottom of the decline: Industrial and wage inequality exacerbate authors: John Haltiwanger, Henry R. Hyatt, and James R. Spletz ERABSTRAC: Mobile1996 to 2018 is account for by Rising BetWeen-Industry Dispersion. The Contribution of Industries is Right-SKEWED with The Top 10 Percent of Four-Digit Naics Indu. Stries dominating. The top 10 percent are clustered in high-paying high-text and low--Paying Retail seldors. In the top indultrias, High-Wage Workers are increasingly sorted to high-wage indostries. Ries, Low-WAGE WAGE WAGERS Are Increasingly Sorted Into Low-Wage Industries, with Rising Employment and Falling IndustryWAGE Premia. Abstract: From 1996 to 2018, the intensification of unequal income inequality was mainly due to the expansion of the industry.The contribution of various industries shows a trend of right tilt, and in the National Incibration Comprehensive Index (NAICS)The top 10%of the industry occupies a dominant position.10%of the highest income is concentrated in high -tech and low -income retail industry with high income.In the top industries, more and more high -wage workers are distributed to the high -wage industry, and the industry premium has continued to rise.In the underlying industry, low -paying workers are increasingly classified into low -paying industries, their employment rates have risen, and industry wages have declined.08Dynamic Outside Options and Optimal Negotiation Strategies dynamic external selection and optimal negotiation strategy: Andrew McClellanabstract: We Study The Design of Negotiation. IES WHEN A PRINCIPAL and AGENT MST Decide How to Split A PIE While The Agent's Outside Over Time.Optimal Strategy Under Commission Demonstrates A New, But Intuitive, Set of Negotiation Dynamics. When the agent is tempted to leavel, Promises A Larger Share (DeCreasing Demands) and more time to express the outSide Option (DeCreasing Pressure), Illustration aComplementarity Between the Two Tools. Although the Principal's Expected Utility is decreasing in the outSide option, His Expected Utility and Demand s are increasing in the Outside Option's Drift and Volatility.The negotiation strategy design when the outer selection is changed over time.The optimal strategy of the client shows a new and intuitive negotiation dynamics.When the agent tries to leave, the client gradually promises a greater share (reduce demand) and more time to explore external choices (reduce stress), indicating the complementarity between these two tools.Although the expectations of the client's expectations are decreasing in external options, in the drift and fluctuations of external options, the expected utility and demand of the client are increasing.09The Price of Power: Costs of Policical Corruption in Indian Electricity Power: The political corruption cost of India: Mera Mahadevanabstract: Politicians May Target c goods to benefit their constituents, at the expense of Others.Indian Electricity and Estimate The Welfale ConsequEnces. USING New Administrative Billing Data and Close-Elections Discontinuities, I Show That Billed Elec Tricity Consumpion is Lower for Constituencies of the Winning Party by Almost 40 Percent, which actual consumpPune Stock. I Document The Covert Way in Which Politicians Subsidize Constituents by Manipulating Bills. These Actions Have Substantial Welfations, With An EFFICI Ency Loss of US $ 0.9 Billion, Leading to Unreliable Electricity and Significant Negatives for Development.Sacrifice the interests of others as a price and aim at public products to benefit their voters.In the context of India's power, I have studied corruption and estimated its welfare consequences.Using the new administrative bill data and the incomparable return of the election, I show that the power consumption of the bill of winning the parties in the party is nearly 40%, and the actual power consumption is measured at night light, which is higher.I recorded politicians to manipulate the bill to subsidize voters' secret methods.These actions have a significant impact on welfare, with efficiency loss of 900 million US dollars, resulting in unreliable power supply and a significant negative impact on development.10WOMEN Left Behind: Gender Disparits in Utilization of Government Health Insurance in India Women fell behind. a Jainabstract: We Document Large Gender Disparities with a Government Program that Entitles 46 Million PoorIndividuals to hostal care. We show that care is not free in prActice and higher counts are associated with larger disc Ale Utilization But Does Not Reduce Gender Disparities BeCAUSE Marginal Beneficiaaries Are as Likely to Be Male as Inframarginals. Long-TERM Exposure to Local Female Leaders Reduces Disparities by Addressing Factors Lowering Female. Fail to address gender inqualities with activity that specification target females. Abstract: We recorded huge in one government planFor gender differences, the plan enables 46 million poor people to have the right to get free hospital care.We show that in practice, care is not free, and higher costs are related to a larger gap.The reduction in nursing costs increases women's use, but there is no reduction of gender differences, because marginal beneficiaries may be men or non -marginal beneficiaries.Long -term contact with local female leaders can reduce the gap by solving the factors of reducing female care.In the absence of gender bias, if there is no action specifically for women, subsidizing social services may not solve the problem of gender inequality.-End-National Development and Policy Research Institute of Southeast University was established in 2016 and was the dean of Huasheng, a senior professor of Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast University.Professor Yuan Jianhong, Secretary of the School of Economics and Management of Southeast University as the chairman, Zhao Lindu, chief professor of Southeast University, Liu Xiuyan, chief professor of Southeast University, and part -time professor at Southeast University, and general manager of the Engineering Department of India Petrochemical Group as the vice president.The Institute of Research Institute has a National Institute of Development (Beijing), the Regional Economic and Urban -Rural Development Research Center, the Indian Health Industry Policy Research Center, the "Belt and Road" International Engineering Project Research Center (Beijing), State -owned Enterprise and State -owned Assets Research CenterResearch institutions and other research institutions have initially formed a integrated platform for cross -organization and interdisciplinary interdisciplinary with the "one center and five centers".

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